<p>Welsh Neck–Long Bluff–Society Hill Historic District is a national historic district located near Bennettsville, Marlboro County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 250 contributing buildings in the communities of Welsh Neck, Long Bluff, and Society Hill. The Welsh Neck community was an early religious center  for the Pee Dee region, and Long Bluff served as a judicial center. The courthouse at Long Bluff, with its jail, tavern, and supporting buildings, was a center of activity for the Upper Pee Dee region during the Revolution. Few small communities have contributed more to the public in the way of culture, education and leadership than has Society Hill. It has numbered among its population outstanding leaders in religion and education, jurists, statesmen, soldiers, authors, and agriculturists. The Society Hill Library Society was formed in 1822. This group grew out of the St. David&#39;s Society, founded 1777 in Cheraw, which had a widespread influence and was a main factor in making Society Hill a center of intelligent leadership in the Pee Dee for a century and a half.</p><br>
<p>This is a rural community with many fine antebellum homes in the Georgian mode. Constructed on large lots or in wooden settings, many are two-storied clapboard structures with one-story front verandahs. Nineteenth century mercantile establishments still operate in unadorned frame buildings of a purely functional design. Notable buildings include the Judge Josiah H. Evans House, Enoch Hanford House, Wilson House, Welsh Neck Baptist Church and Parsonage, W. A. Carragan House, Trinity Church, Coker and Rogers Store, Old Society Hill Library, and John K. McIver House. Welsh Neck and Long Bluff, both now unoccupied wooded areas, are considered excellent potential archaeological sites.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>Cashua Street–Spring Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 39 contributing buildings in a residential section of Darlington. The district includes a significant collection of intact residences constructed between about 1890 and 1930. Many of the homes were owned by prominent Darlington citizens. The residences along Cashua Street are large, two-story frame dwellings while the residences along Spring Street are smaller, one-story frame houses. Most of the residences have decorative woodwork and are significant examples of the builder&#39;s art. Architectural styles include Victorian, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow. The buildings are situated on large lots that are planted with trees and shrubs.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Darlington Downtown Historic District is a national historic district located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 21 contributing commercial buildings in the central business district of Darlington, and built between about 1870 and 1935. The one, two, and three-part commercial buildings exhibit typical turn-of-the-20th century building styles, with brick detailing and, in some cases, cast-iron storefronts. Notable buildings include the Hill Building, Coggeshall Building, McLellans Dept. Store, Wolfram Building, Jewels Deluxe Cafe, Coleman Building, Manne Building, "The Darlington News" Building, and Bank of Darlington.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Darlington Industrial Historic District is a national historic district located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 12 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in an industrial section of Darlington. They were built between about 1890 and 1925. All of these buildings are located along the rights-of-way of the South Carolina Western Railway and the Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railroad since the industries each of these buildings served employed the services of the railroad. Among the prominent resources in the district are the Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railway Freight Station , the Darlington Roller Mill , Thomas and Howard Tobacco Warehouse ; and Price&#39;s Tobacco Warehouse , and a cotton warehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It includes a stemmery, the W. B. Lewis & Sons Tobacco Stemmery, at 474 E. Broad Street, built ca. 1900, with a brick addition on the east side. It is a large, three-story, flat-roofed building with a stepped parapet. It is 11 bays wide on north and south sides, 20 bays wide on east and west.</p><br>
<p>The Amory-Appel Cottage is a historic house on the upland slopes of Mount Monadnock in Dublin, New Hampshire. Built in 1911 as a garage and chauffeur&#39;s house, it was remodeled c. 1954 into a Shingle style summer house. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Amory-Appel Cottage is located on the grounds of the former Amory country estate, a large tract of land rising on the northern slope of Mount Monadnock between Old Troy Road to the west and the mountains Pumpelly Ridge to the east. It is accessed via a private road that snakes across the historic estate. It stands in a grassy clearing east of the site of the estates main house (no longer extant). It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a steeply pitched gabled roof and exterior finished in wooden shingles. The roof is pierced by small gabled dormers, and a square brick chimney rises above it. Most windows are small-paned sash.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was built about 1911 to a design by Charles Goodell of Parsons, Wait & Goodell, originally to serve as a garage and chauffeurs residence for the Amorys. About 1954, Thomas Handasyd Cabot, a local builder-designer, remodeled it, replacing the original stone chimney with one of brick. It has elements of Shingle and Arts and Crafts styling reminiscent of the early work of Frank Lloyd Wright. At the time of its National Register listing in 1985, it was owned by a grandson of Louise Amory, the estates principal developer.</p><br>
<p>Appleton Farm is a historic farmstead at 76 Brush Brook Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. It has housed Del Rossis Trattoria for many years. It was built in the 1780s by the son of one of Dublins early settlers, and remained in the family until 1950. The house and adjacent barn were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Appleton Farm is located on the west side of Brush Brook Road (New Hampshire Route 137), about 0.25 mi north of its junction with New Hampshire Route 101. The property includes the farmhouse and a barn on about 1 acre. The house is a 2½-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. A single-story ell extends to the left side of the main block, with shed-roof dormers on its front roof face. The main facade is three bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sash windows, except that the one to its left has been replaced by a Victorian-era polygonal window bay. The barn is also framed in wood and finished in clapboards, and has a square cupola at the center of its roof.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1786-89 by Francis Appleton Jr., and was in the Appleton family until 1950. Appleton was the son of one of the areas early proprietors. His son and grandson, both owners of this property, were active in local affairs, serving as town selectman and in the state legislature. After it was sold out of the family, it was used for a time as staff housing for an alcoholic rehabilitation facility at Beech Hill. It has housed Del Rossis Trattoria, an Italian restaurant, since 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Appleton-Hannaford House is a historic house on Hancock Road in Dublin, New Hampshire. Built about 1785 for the son of an early settler, it is one of the town&#39;s oldest surviving buildings, and a little-altered example of Georgian residential architecture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Appleton-Hannaford House is located in a rural setting in eastern Dublin, set in a small clearing on the north side of Hancock Road (New Hampshire Route 137) east of Greenwood Road. It is a -story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows arranged symmetrically around the main entrance. The first-floor windows have moulded surrounds with slightly projecting lintels. The entrance is flanked by pilasters and topped by an entablature and fully pedimented gable. A single-story ell extends to the right side. The interior includes original wide board paneling.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1785 by Isaac Appleton, a prominent local farmer and politician, and son of one of its early proprietors. In addition to serving as town selectman and trustee of the town library, Appleton was also a representative in the state legislature. The house passed to the related Richardson family in 1869, and was owned by the Hannafords (related to the Richardsons by marriage) until 1970.</p><br>
<p>Oaklyn Plantation is a historic plantation and national historic district located near Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 40 contributing buildings, 6 contributing sites, 2 contributing structures, and contributing object. Founded as a forced-labor farm worked by black people enslaved by the land&#39;s white owners, it was one of the major plantation establishments of the county and served as the seat of the Williamson family for more than 200 years.</p><br>
<p>The property contains a 19th-century Federal-style plantation house (c. 1830s) with early 20th-century alterations, an avenue of oaks, and a flower garden; related domestic service buildings, including a brick kitchen, smokehouse, privy, garage, and servants’ house; various 19th-century and early-20th century agricultural buildings including tobacco curing barns, tobacco packhouses, livestock barns, vehicle and equipment sheds, an engine-powered grist mill, a sawmill, a planer, a 19th-century cotton gin, and a drive through barn and scales for mixing guano; 19th- and early 20th-century tenant houses; the remains of a 19th-century canal, a marl pit (min), charcoal-making pits, underground drainage lines, open water wells, and a narrow gauge road (tram road); a 19th-century pecan grove and grape arbor; and agricultural fields and pastures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>St. Johns Historic District is a national historic district located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 55 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a mixed residential section of Darlington. The focal point of the district is St. Johns School complex and campus, the Academy Green. The properties in the district are located in approximately five block area of oak lined streets. Approximately 75 percent of the buildings were constructed prior to 1925. Most of them were built between 1880 and 1925 during a period of unprecedented agricultural prosperity and reflect the architectural characteristics of that era, including Queen Anne, Neo-Classical, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow. Notable buildings include Central Baptist Church, Darlington County Library, St. John&#39;s</p><br>
<p>High School, St. John&#39;s Elementary School, Open-Air Theatre, Haynesworth House, L. S. Welling House, and Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>West Broad Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 36 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of Darlington. They were constructed between about 1890 and 1928. Most of the residences are grand in scale and reflect the prosperity of the individuals who built them. Several of the houses were owned by some of Darlington&#39;s most prominent citizens. Most of the residences are large, two-story frame Victorian or Queen Anne structures with decorative woodwork. The dwellings are set on deep lots that are planted with large trees and shrubs. A number of these large residences are similar in appearance and were built by master carpenter Lawrence Reese. Also included in the district are 13 modest, one-story frame houses with a few decorative features, as well as two imposing brick bungalows.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>East Home Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 52 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site in a primarily residential section of Hartsville. They were constructed between about 1890 to about 1938, and is associated with the leading figures of the town&#39;s history. Home Avenue has historically been the major residential street in Hartsville since it was laid out and landscaped in 1890. Architectural styles and influences include Renaissance Revival, Colonial Revival, Classical Revival, American Craftsman, and Bungalow. Notable non-residential buildings include the First Baptist Church, Thornwell Elementary School, and Hartsville Public School. Located in the district is the separately listed John L. Hart House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>West College Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses 22 contributing buildings in a primarily residential section of Hartsville. They were constructed between about 1906 to about 1930, with the majority constructed between 1910 and 1926. They illustrate a period of significant development which saw the town&#39;s population increase more than five times its size at the turn of the 20th century. The architecture reflects late-19th and early-20th century movements such as Victorian, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Lawton Park and Pavilion is a historic public park and national historic district located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. The district encompasses two contributing buildings built 1939-1941 by the Works Progress Administration, and planned as early as 1938. The park is a wooded, 3.5 acre, public recreation area including a swimming area, playground, picnic area, and tennis courts. The park includes three buildings: a Colonial Revival style pavilion, shed and keeper&#39;s house.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Julius A. Dargan House  is a historic house located at 488 Pearl Street in Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built about 1856, and is a rectangular, two-story weatherboarded Greek Revival style residence with interior stuccoed chimneys. It has a hipped roof and a two-tiered, pedimented portico with four square, paneled columns on each floor. It was the home of Julius Alfred Dargan (1815-1861) a lawyer, a member of the House of Representatives, a trustee of the Darlington Academy, and a signer of the Ordinance of Secession in 1860.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 10, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Edmund H. Deas House is a historic house located at 229 Avenue E in Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built about 1890, and is a one-story, frame Eastlake movement-influenced vernacular cottage. It has shiplap siding and a hip and gable roof with bracketed cornices and pedimented gables. It also has projecting polygonal bays with a single window in each face. It was the home of African-American politician Edmund H. Deas, who served as county chairman of the Republican Party in 1884 and 1888. He was also a South Carolina delegate to the Republican National Conventions of 1888, 1896, 1900, and 1908.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 10, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Nelson Hudson House, also known as the Hudson-Law-Dargan-Wilson House and Neille Wilson Residence, is a historic home located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1830 and is a -story, story frame, weatherboarded Greek Revival style house. It features a front pedimented portico. It has a two-story rear wing that was added around 1854. In the back yard is the original clapboard kitchen. According to local tradition Nelson Hudson was a carriage maker who came to Darlington from Marion District and built the house in 1830. Since its listing, the house has moved from original location to unknown site.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Clarence McCall House, also known as the Harrison House, is a historic home located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1904, and is a -story, frame Queen Anne style house. It has shiplap siding, a high brick foundation, and a high hipped roof. Also on the property is a small original barn with a gable roof and weatherboard siding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Charles S. McCullough House, also known as the Memorial Center, is a historic home located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1889, and is a -story, brick Second Empire style residence. It has a projecting one-story ell and a porch on three sides. The front porch has elaborate sawn brackets on paired turned posts and an ornamental balustrade. The front elevation features a steeply pitched gable, which rises above the top of the mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Mrs. B. F. Williamson House, also known as the Williamson-Wilson House, is a historic home located at Darlington, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built about 1898, and is a two-story, frame Queen Anne style dwelling. It has shiplap siding, a high complex roof, and tall interior chimneys. It features a wraparound porch with hip roof and turned posts. Also on the property is an original servant&#39;s cottage.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>James L. Coker III House is a historic home located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1931, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick Colonial Revival style residence. It has two-story, lateral gable wings flanked by one-story end gable wings, and a one-story sunroom. It features an engaged portico with four slender Tuscan order columns. It was the home of James Lide Coker, III , prominent Hartsville manufacturer and president of Sonoco Products Company. Also on the property is a one-story, frame, double-pen "cabin".</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Robert R. Coker House is a historic home located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1938, and is a two-story, five-bay, brick Colonial Revival style residence. About 1942, a two-story wing was added to the west elevation and a one-story wing was added to the east elevation. It features an engaged two-story portico supported by six slender square columns. It was the home of Robert R. Coker , prominent Hartsville agriculturalist and businessman who served as president of J.L. Coker and Company and the Coker Pedigreed Seed Company.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>S. Pressly Coker House is a historic home located at Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina. It was built in 1917, it is a blending of elements of both the Shingle Style and Colonial Revival styles, with the form and massing of the bungalow. It is a two-story, three-bay, rectangular, shingle-clad residence. It features an engaged one-story portico which extends and wraps to form a porte-cochère. It was the home of S. Pressly Coker , prominent Hartsville agriculturalist and businessman who was a plant breeder with the Coker Pedigreed Seed Company and later founder and president of the Humphrey-Coker Seed Company and the Hygeia Dairy.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The C. K. Dunlap House is a historic house located at 1346 West Carolina Avenue in Hartsville, Darlington County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house, built in 1934 and designed by Willis Irvin, is a two-story, five bay wide, rectangular brick Colonial Revival style residence. The façade features a two-story pedimented portico with balcony tier and four square columns. It was the home of Charles Kirkland Dunlap (1886–1972), prominent Hartsville engineer and executive at Sonoco Products Company.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 3, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Fullerton Dam is a ruined dam located 7 mi northwest of Olustee, in Jackson County, Oklahoma. Farmer William J. Fullerton built the dam across Turkey Creek in the mid-1890s to irrigate the vegetable crops on his 1,500 acre farm. As western Oklahoma was a dry region, farmers depended on a regular water supply to produce crops, making Fullerton&#39;s dam an important innovation. The dam was the first gravity flow dam built by a European settler in western Oklahoma, and Fullerton became a successful regional farmer due to his effective irrigation system. It is even more notable because Fullerton designed the system himself using a homemade transit, and the system was built using unskilled manual labor and mules.</p><br>
<p>The main irrigation channel was built of limestone blocks and was up to 50 feet wide and up to 20 feet deep. The channel ran 3 miles to the east and 2 miles to the south.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the reservoir which the dam created became a popular local attraction. However, Fullerton&#39;s farm began to fail around 1905 because of falling produce prices and increasing production expenses. Several land developers offered to buy him out but he refused the offers. He had to borrow a large amount of money to stay in business, and was heavily in debt when he died in 1916. His whole operation was sold to satisfy creditors. The dam broke permanently during a 1919 flood. The stone ruins remain at the site of the dam and are generally in the same condition as they were following the flood.</p><br>
<p>The site of the dam was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 7, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Note</h2><br>
<p>The city of Birmingham, Alabama, saw a vast period of growth in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. With its growth came an expansion in city services, notably the fire department. A number of new stations were constructed from 1910 through 1929, many of which are still standing. Together, ten of these historic fire stations are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Historic Fire Stations of Birmingham Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Birminghams first volunteer fire station was established in December 1871, shortly after the city was incorporated. The city purchased its first fire engine in 1873 after a large fire affected the city. The modern fire department was founded in 1885 with two stations. It had grown to employ 21 firemen and 15 horses by 1890. During the early 20th century, although Birmingham spent less money per capita on services than similarly-sized Southern cities, it spent more on fire and education. The insistence on first-class fire protection came from downtown business leaders; better fire coverage kept their insurance rates low. In 1910 Birmingham annexed a number of suburban towns, more than doubling the citys population. Soon after, residents in the suburbs began to demand better fire protection, leading to many new stations being constructed; by 1929 there were 24 fire stations in Birmingham.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Stations built before 1920 tended to be in the central business districts of the suburban towns, and their architecture reflected the commercial styles of their surroundings, with little decoration. Similarly, stations built after 1920 were primarily in residential areas, and were built in styles popular at the time, including Spanish Revival, Tudor Revival, and Beaux-Arts.</p><br>
<p>The Cross S Ranch Headquarters is a historic building located in farmland 5 mi south of Olustee, Oklahoma. The two-story stone building served as the headquarters of the Cross S Ranch, a cattle ranch founded in 1891. As a major cattle trail passed through the area, the ranch took advantage of the open land to raise free-range cattle. By 1902, the ranch had decreased in size due to homesteaders and raised horses rather than cattle. The ranch eventually became a wheat farm, reflecting a broader shift in Jackson County agricultural production. A larger wheat farm purchased the ranch in the 1970s, and the headquarters building is all that remains of the original property.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 8, 2006.</p><br>
<p>Holland Apartments is a historic apartment complex located at 324-326 N. Vermilion St. in Danville, Illinois. The building was constructed in two sections; the northern half was built in 1906, while the southern half was completed in 1927. Both sections of the building are designed in the Dutch Revival style; architect Charles M. Lewis developed the original design in 1906. The front and side facades each feature multiple stepped gables; the front-facing gables are flanked by dormers. The first floor, which originally housed four stores and a restaurant, features arched entrances, a brick parapet, and extensive corbelling. The Dutch Revival style is rare in the Midwest, and the building is the only Dutch Revival structure in the Danville or Champaign areas.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. James Moore Homestead is an archaeological site in rural Tazewell County, Virginia. The site is located near Boissevain, and has both colonial and Native American significance. There was once a palisaded Native village from the Late Woodland period on the site, and it was chosen by James Moore, a local militia captain who was one of Tazewell County&#39;s early settlers, as the site of his homestead in 1772. Sixteen years later  he was killed by a Shawnee party that also took his family prisoner.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Polegreen Church, also known as the Hanover Meeting House , is the site of what may be the first non-Anglican church in Virginia. It was named after a 17th-century landowner, George Polegreen.</p><br>
<p>After Rev. George Whitefield preached at Bruton Parish Church at Williamsburg during the First Great Awakening, and his sermons were published, local mason Samuel Morris built a reading room or log cabin near Mechanicsville in rural Hanover County. In 1743, Virginia&#39;s colonial assembly permitted religious dissenters four meeting houses: three in Hanover County (including this one) and one in Henrico County; they were sometimes called "Morris churches".</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania Presbyterian missionary Samuel Davies, one of the first non-Anglican ministers licensed in Virginia, evangelized in Hanover County and used this as his base from 1743 to 1759. Patrick Henry attended services here with his mother, and credited Davies for his oratorical skills. In 1755, Davies helped organize what came to be known as the Hanover Presbytery, encompassing all Presbyterian ministers in Virginia and North Carolina. He also became known for writing hymns, and for educating slaves (unlike Methodist and Baptist evangelists).</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, battle lines formed on opposite sides of Totopotomoy creek during the 1864 Overland Campaign as the Union army advanced on Richmond. Polegreen Church stood between them. A Confederate artillery shell fired to dislodge Union sharpshooters by a man whose father had been baptized at Polegreen hit the wooden building, which burned to the ground. The congregation could not afford to rebuild it.</p><br>
<p>An open-air design of steel beams painted white to show the historic structure&#39;s former dimensions has been erected at the site, along with a visitor center and signage concerning religious persecution and freedom in Western civilization. The site now hosts various lectures (including on religious freedom in Virginia), as well as weddings and other private functions. The Polegreen Church site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. It is open to the public free of charge.</p><br>
<p>The Canaan Street Historic District encompasses the historic original town center of Canaan, New Hampshire. It is a basically linear district, running along Canaan Street roughly from Prospect Hill Road in the north to Moss Flower Lane in the south. The town flourished first as a stagecoach stop, and then as a resort colony in the late 19th century. The historic district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It included 60 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The town of Canaan was established by a land grant in 1761, but Broad Street, its principal road now called Canaan Street, was not laid out until 1788. Because it was on a major north-south stagecoach route, the area developed in the first half of the 19th century as a trading center. The old town hall was built in the 1790s to serve as a church, and was joined by institutional buildings including the 1828 Greek Revival Old North Church and the 1839 Canaan Union Academy (later to become the town library and museum). Several of the houses originally served as taverns, catering to the stagecoach trade. The area declined in economic importance because it was bypassed by the railroad, but was developed as a summer resort community in the second half of the 19th century, rivaling Bethlehem.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is basically linear, running along Canaan Street as it passes just west of Canaan Street Lake. Its northern boundary is Prospect Hill Road, where the Old North Church stands. Built in 1828, the Old North Church is a fine example of early Greek Revival architecture. A cluster of civic buildings is found near the center of the district at Apple Blossom Road, where the old town hall stands, with the former Academy (now the Canaan Historical Museum) across the street. Most of the districts buildings are residences that exhibit either Federal or Greek Revival styling, reflective of the villages early period of development.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Carr House is a historic house on Brier Hill Road in Haverhill, New Hampshire. Built about 1796, the house is most notable for the high quality folk murals drawn on its walls, most likely by the itinerant artist Rufus Porter between 1825 and 1830. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Daniel Carr House is located in a rural setting in northern Haverhill, on a dirt lane extending west from a 90-degree bend in Brier Hill Road about 1.5 mi northeast of New Hampshire Route 10. The house is a connected farmstead, with a -story main house, from which a series of ells extend northward and then east to a barn. The main block is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by pilasters and topped by a transom window and corniced entablature. The first ell, also two stories, is probably older. The interior follows a center hall plan, with parlors on either side of the center hall, where a staircase rises to the second floor. The western parlor, as well as both levels of the hall, feature painted and stenciled artwork on their walls, above wooden wainscoting and chair rails. The parlor is painted in multiple colors, with scenes that include the Portland Observatory and a cluster of houses on an island. The panels in the hall and stair wall are monochrome and less elaborate. The border stencilwork in these rooms is a careful reproduction of the original stencilwork, which has deteriorated and is now encapsulated under a layer of skim coat plaster.</p><br>
<p>The main block of the house was built c. 1825–30, probably by John Carr, and was attached to an earlier -story structure built by Daniel Carr c. 1796, which was rebuilt in the 1980s. The murals drawn on its walls are most likely by the itinerant artist Rufus Porter, and were probably drawn between 1825 and 1830, when Porter is known to have been working in this region. After standing vacant for two decades, the house was purchased by sisters Rebecca Field Jones and Alma Duckworth in the 1980s, and underwent a major historically accurate and sympathetic restoration effort. The sisters sought to restore the home’s original parcel of land as well, gradually acquiring 260 acres of woods and fields. They hoped their home, which they called Brierfields, would stand for many more centuries. They protected the building with a preservation easement held by Historic New England and donated a conservation easement to Upper Valley Land Trust (UVLT) to keep the land intact and undeveloped. As of 2014 the home is in Carr family hands.</p><br>
<p>Conestee Mill is a historic mill in the unincorporated community of Conestee, in Greenville County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Archaeological investigations indicate that Cherokee routinely used the area as a camp site during the colonial period. In 1794, a 200-acre parcel of land on both sides of the Reedy River, including the land occupied by the Conestee Mill and dam, was deeded to one Andrew Nelson. Grist mills and saw mills operated on the site as early as the 1790s. In 1800, Adam Carruth and Lemuel Alston purchased nearby land where Carruth manufactured muskets for the states of South Carolina and Georgia and briefly for the USA government; but the factory went bankrupt before 1824.</p><br>
<p>In 1799, Andrew Nelson sold the downstream 100 acres of his 200-acre parcel that included a “mill seat and yard” on the south side of the river. By 1820, a small community had grown up around the mills. Before 1833, the existing mill buildings and machinery, were sold to Vardry McBee, the "Father of Greenville." As "McBee Factory," its mills produced both paper and woolen and cotton textiles. There were about fifty employees of the cotton factory, paper mill, gristmill, and sawmill, supporting a community of about 150 people. After 1875, the mill was known as the Reedy River Factory until being rechartered as Conestee Mills in 1909. In the 1890s the existing mill building was constructed; and about 1892, the rock dam was raised to its present height, creating a lake of 130 acre.</p><br>
<p>In the twentieth century the City of Greenville and twelve mills and mill villages upstream from Conestee discharged their sewage and industrial wastes into the Reedy River and therefore into Conestee Lake. The pollutants produced foul odors and so depleted the oxygen content of the lake that it became unfit for any use other than generating power.</p><br>
<p>In 1925, Conestee Mills sued the City of Greenville for damages, and although the mill eventually failed because of the protracted litigation and the Great Depression, a South Carolina Supreme Court decision of 1931 "was an early landmark in the fight to clean South Carolina&#39;s rivers." The mill closed in 1939, reopened under new ownership in 1946, then closed for a final time in 1971. The buildings were thereafter used as a distribution center and for storage.</p><br>
<p>Years of upstream industrial waste and discharge filled about 90 percent of the lake with sediment so toxic that the lake was classified as a Superfund site. In 2000 the Conestee Foundation, a 501(c)(3) conservation organization, was formed to lead the revitalization of the lake as a wetlands through the development of the nature park; and the foundation used settlement funds from a June 1996 Colonial Pipeline spill to purchase the lake and the dam. Once safety studies of the brownfield were complete, it was determined that no harm would result if the toxic sediment and dam were left in place, though in December 2016, inspectors from the state Department of Health and Environmental Control determined Conestee Dam, which is not keyed into the bedrock, to be in poor condition due to deterioration of mortar and water seepage.</p><br>
<p>On March 2, 2014, the mill, as well as its dam and the residual lake, were included on the National Register of Historic Places, and the property is currently a nature park and wildlife sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Oak Creek Descent Ruts of the Woodbury Cutoff, Ox Bow Trail of the California Road are remnants of the Ox Bow Trail located in southeastern Butler County, Nebraska, United States. They are one of the few trail remnants left of the Ox Bow Trail, which originated at Nebraska City, Nebraska and connected to the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail. In 1992, they were listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>During the early 1840s, early American pioneers began migrating west to places such in Oregon, California, and Utah, which would later become states of the United States. They followed the Oregon and Mormon trails, which followed on either side of the Platte River in what is now modern day Nebraska. The Oregon Trail ran along the south side of the Platte and the Mormon Trail ran along the North side.</p><br>
<p>Both the Oregon and Mormon trails had multiple starting points along the Missouri River. The major starting points included Independence, St. Joseph, Nebraska City, and Council Bluffs-Omaha. From each of these locations (and others) there were multiple routes to the main Oregon and Mormon trails.</p><br>
<p>As American pioneers increasingly began moving west in the 1840s, the US army began searching for sites to build forts for protection of the pioneers. Lt. Daniel Phineas Woodbury was charged with finding new locations for forts along the Platte river. He found and supervised the building of Fort Kearney and he established one of several alternate trails from Nebraska City to Fort Kearney. The route that he discovered in 1847 would come to be known as the Woodbury cutoff or Woodbury trail. The Upper Oak Creek Descent Ruts are along the Woodbury Trail in Butler county, Nebraska.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The ruts were created from 1847 to 1860 by the wagon wheels of the wagons pioneers used to move westward. The segment of preserved ruts is approximately.25 mi in length running through unploughed prairie. This segment of ruts is one of the few remaining remnants of the Woodbuy Cutoff due to extensive agriculture in eastern Nebraska where the trail once ran. The ruts are approximately 20 ft wide at their eastern edge and run southwest along a ridge for about.125 mi at which point the trail curves to the west. As the trail turns west, it descends 110 ft to Oak Creek. As of 1992, the total length of the remaining wagon wheel ruts was 2,315 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Adams Building  is a five-story office building located at 139-141 N. Vermilion St. in Danville, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Developer William Bridgett had the building constructed in 1905. The first floor of the building is built with stone, while the upper floors are built from brick; the fifth story, a 1928 addition, matches the lower floors in design. Three Doric columns on the first floor separate the buildings four bays, and Doric pilasters flank the first floor. The first floor is topped by a Doric entablature, which is separated into a frieze and cornice. On the upper stories, brick piers divide the four bays. The buildings original architrave, a remnant from the building&#39;s expansion, separates the fourth and fifth stories. A decorative stone section above the fifth floor is topped by a parapet wall.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Baltimore Building is a historic industrial building at 2525 Kirk Avenue in Baltimore, Maryland. The Moderne style building was built in 1939. The building includes hallmarks of the style, including rounded corners, horizontal bands of stonework, and stylized relief panels with renditions of the Coca-Cola Company logo.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Dale Building is a historic commercial office building located at 101-103 North Vermilion Street in Danville, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>While the building was constructed in 1873 as the Vermilion Opera House, it did not take its present form until 1914, when owner John Dale rebuilt it after it suffered severe fire damage. The reconstructed building was designed in the Commercial style, which was popular in Midwestern cities during the period. The three-story brick building uses stone for its ornamentation, providing contrast with the darker brick. The second and third floors of the front facade, as well as the attic windows, are surrounded by a stone border. Brick piers separate the four bays within the surround; arrow-shaped decorations top the piers. The building&#39;s name plate, located at the top of the surround, features a reeded torus molding and guttae along its bottom. A gabled parapet at the top of the front elevation hides the flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 27, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Meadow is an historic house at 1640 Bramwell Road in Richmond, Virginia. The oldest portion of this wood-frame house was built prior to 1776, when the property was acquired by David Patteson. Patteson, who had been a steward of the Westover Plantation of William Byrd III, was an officer in the Revolutionary War, a Colonel in the Virginia Militia, a member of the House of Delegates, and represented Chesterfield County at the Virginia Constitutional Ratification Convention of 1788. He voted to ratify the Constitution. The building has three portions, forming an L shape. The oldest portion is the Northwest wing, which is 1.5 stories and now houses a library and stair hall below and a sitting room above, which was probably at first a bedroom. A dining room and upper bedchamber were believed to have been added by Patteson. A third wing including a lower passage and parlor below and an upper passage and bedchamber above, was added to the Northeast section early in the 19th century, and the building was significantly restyled, giving it a Federal interior. The house is one of only a small number of colonial-era houses in the Richmond area.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Springhill Historic District is a national historic district encompassing an early-20th century residential neighborhood in Richmond, Virginia. The neighborhood is located on the south side of the James River, just west of Cowardin Avenue and north of Semmes Avenue. It is roughly bounded on the north by Riverside Drive and on the west by Canoe Run Park. Although there was some residential development in this area earlier in the 19th century , and the area was platted out as early as the 1870s, most construction took place in this area during the 1920s, and is in Colonial Revival and Craftsman styles. The district also includes remnants of a 19th-century water supply system, the remains of the Manchester Waterworks, an underground aqueduct, and the remains of a water-control tower.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Central Square Historic District of Bristol, New Hampshire, encompasses the central commercial district of the town. The square is a four-sided space near the junction of six roadways in the center of Bristol, just north of the Newfound River and west of the Pemigewasset River. The district includes all of the buildings that are arrayed around the square, as well as one contemporary commercial building located just south of the Newfound River on South Main Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The center of Bristol began to take shape in the 1760s with the arrival of the first non-Native settlers. A road was cut along the Pemigewasset River, which crossed the Newfound River near where South Main Street does today. A mill was built a little way to the east. By the 1790s a small town center had emerged, including two tavern buildings that still stand. A new road (now North Main Street) to Newfound Lake in 1805 further enhanced the area&#39;s importance as a transportation junction, shortly followed by what is now Pleasant Street in 1808. How the square itself formed is uncertain, since there are no formal town documents discussing the matter.</p><br>
<p>The center grew in the 19th century with the arrival of industrial mills and the railroad. Most of the municipal functions were located away from the square, which developed as a commercial business district. Early surviving instances of wood frame commercial construction include in the 1841 Bean-Tukey Block and the 1848 Cass Block. The west side of the square was subjected to destructive fires in 1861 and 1871, resulting in the construction of Victorian brick blocks on that side of the square. The square&#39;s basic structures today are, with only few exceptions, what they were in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Colburn Park Historic District encompasses the heart of Lebanon, New Hampshire. It consists of Colburn Park, a large rectangular park in the center of the city, the buildings that are arrayed around it, and several 19th century buildings that are immediately adjacent to those. The district covers 12 acre, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Colburn Park is located a short way south and east of the Mascoma River, whose generally east–west route is interrupted by a semicircular bend to the north, within which lies the center of Lebanon. The parks origin is in 1792, when the land was donated by Robert Colburn as the site of the communitys meeting house (church and town hall). Arterial roads were built to the area, and it began to develop as a commercial and civic center in the early 19th century. The Greek Revival First Congregational Church, designed by Ammi Burnham Young, was built in 1828, and a few early houses survive. The meeting house was moved in 1849 to the present location of City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Lebanons central business district was struck by devastating fire in 1887, in which more than 80 buildings were destroyed. This did not directly affect the area around the park, but Lebanons population continued to grow, and the business district expanded, resulting in the relocation of houses around the park, and the construction of a number of Victorian buildings around its perimeter. After the 1923 destruction by fire of the town hall, the area acquired a somewhat unified late-19th to early-20th century commercial and civic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Dorchester Common Historic District encompasses three public buildings that front the public common in the village of Dorchester, New Hampshire . The oldest of the three buildings is the schoolhouse, which dates to 1808 and is now a local museum. The Dorchester Community Church was built in 1828, and the  town hall in 1844, on the site of the town&#39;s first  town hall. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985; the church was also separately listed in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Church</h2><br>
<p>The Dorchester Community Church is a single-story frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. It has a square tower topped by a hexagonal cupola. The building was built in 1828, in the Thompson Hill area of southern Dorchester. Seeing declining participation, in 1883 it was disassembled and rebuilt at this location, with a slightly reduced size. In the 1940s, a local family donated funds for the building to be electrified.</p><br>
<h2>Town hall</h2><br>
<p>The former town hall is a single-story frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and granite foundation. The front-facing gable is fully pedimented, with a half-oval fan at the center. The main entrance is at the center, with a double-leaf doorway topped by another half-oval fan and flanked by pilasters. The bays on either side of the door have sash windows. Additions are attached to the left and rear of the building. The interior was originally fitted with a pulpit, which was removed when the local Grange chapter installed a stage in its place in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>School</h2><br>
<p>The schoolhouse is a small single-story frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The roof is capped by a small square belfry. The main facade has a single entry flanked by sash windows, with a third sash window in the gable above.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Street Garage is an historic automotive storage and repair facility at 2600 North Howard Street in Baltimore, Maryland. The single story Beaux Arts style building was built in 1924 and expanded in 1927. The building has a roughly trapezoidal shape, with a triangular office area in the front and two garage bays in the rear, the second  a few steps down from the first. The building is finished in brick. It was first used by Neely and Ensor, a manufacturer of high-end carriages that had branched out into the automotive field. At the time, what is now Howard Street in that area was called Oak Street.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Old Hamilton Library is a historic library building at 3006 Hamilton Avenue in Baltimore, Maryland. The three-story masonry Beaux Arts building was constructed in 1920 in the Hamilton neighborhood of the city as a branch of the Enoch Pratt Free Library. The building was designed by architect Theodore Wells Pietsch I, who designed a number of other Baltimore landmarks, and funded in part by a grant from steel baron and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. The building served as a library until 1959, after which it was converted to commercial office use.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Hruby Conservatory of Music is a historic building completed in 1917 and located on Broadway Avenue in the Slavic Village area of Cleveland, Ohio. It was designed by the architectural firm of Steffens & Steffens as a music school for Frank and Fred Hruby, of the locally renowned musical Hruby Family. The style is considered Late 19th and 20th century Renaissance Revival.</p><br>
<p>The two-story building housed the music school on the second floor. It had several studios for lessons and a formal concert recital hall. The first level was designed for retail stores. The school closed in 1968 after Frank and Fred retired from teaching.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the building was purchased by Dr. Nicholas Demmy and his wife Olean Demmy. The Demmys had the building restored and arranged for the facility to become the Broadway Branch of the Cleveland Music School Settlement. The school re-opened on October 2, 1980.</p><br>
<p>In 1983 the school began operating as an independent non-profit called The Broadway School of Music and the Arts. Today the school continues to operate, however the building is owned by a private individual.</p><br>
<p>The Hruby Conservatory of Music was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 29, 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Dr. A. G. Anderson House is a historic house located at the junction of Duncan and Main Streets in Eudora, Arkansas.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a single-story vernacular T-shaped central hall cottage, built in 1901 for Dr. A. G. Anderson by hired African-American labor. The house has board-and-batten walls, and was constructed of cypress and pine. The roof, originally clad in wood shingles, was for many years covered in tin, but restoration work done in the 1990s returned the roof to wood shingling. The front facade has a full-width porch with a shed roof. The building is distinctive as an early wood-frame house set in an area now filled with brick commercial construction.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Building at 210–212 West North Street was an apartment building located in Danville, Illinois. The two-story Queen Anne building was built in 1902. The building&#39;s front facade had four hexagonal window bays and an entrance between each pair of bays. Each entrance had a classical porch with Doric columns and an entablature. The window bays had a set of three windows on each story; the windows featured voussoirs and large keystones, and a stone belt course ran above the windows on each story. The roof had a large central pavilion with two dormers and two side pavilions with one each; the dormers were aligned with the four window bays.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 2000. It was demolished circa 2006, and was delisted in 2020.</p><br>
<p>The Carlton House is a historic house located at 434 South Lakeshore Drive in Lake Village, Arkansas.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The two-story, Colonial Revival style house was designed by local architect Albert G. Simms and constructed in 1906. The central facade has a large central projection with a gabled roof. This section is fronted by a porch with a low pitch hip roof, which continues around the sides of the projection, and is supported by simple Colonial Revival columns. The projecting section&#39;s gable end hangs over a recessed second floor porch area that has a low railing, that also has a flush polygonal bay section that is continued on the first floor, where the main entrance is located. The house is one of a small number of surviving Colonial Revival houses from an era when Lake Village was developed as a resort area.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Chicot County Training School was a historic school building at the corner of Hazel and North School Streets in Dermott, Arkansas. The single story H-shaped building was built in 1929 with funding support from the Rosenwald Fund, a major philanthropic effort to improve educational opportunities for African-Americans. The school was preceded by Dermott Baptist Industrial School, co-founded by Isaac George Bailey, and then Morris Booker High School and Memorial College. It was succeeded by Morris Booker Memorial College. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. The school building collapsed and burned after being abandoned. It was delisted from the National Register in 2022.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building served as a public school facility until 1975, after which it was sold to Morris-Booker Memorial College, which was in 2004 using it as a Head Start facility.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The school building was similar to other schools of the period, with banks of windows providing plentiful light to its seven classrooms. Sometime in the 1940s an auditorium was added to the west side. The building was the second built for the training school with Rosenwald support; the first, a four-room building, was built in 1924 but has not survived.</p><br>
<p>The school building was significant as the only surviving Rosenwald-funded school in Chicot County. Its design was based on standard plans developed by Samuel Smith, an agent for the Rosenwald Fund who developed a plan book for various configurations of school buildings, to be used in the fund&#39;s work without necessating the need for an architect for each facility built. The design incorporated an "industrial" room, in which trades could be taught, and the building was sited according to Rosenwald recommendations for the best use of natural lighting.</p><br>
<p>The M. E. Davis House is a historic house at 200 North Knox Street in Dermott, Arkansas. The two story wood-frame house was built in 1925, and is one of the largest houses in Dermott; it is still one of only a few two story houses there. The Craftsman style house was built for Matthew E. Davis, an African-American businessman. Davis was notable in the town for opening his home to impoverished African-Americans leaving the sugar cane plantations by train, and helping them find work in the local mills and acquire their own homes.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>As a youth growing up in Dermott also living on Knox Street I use to mow this yard on the weekend for $5.00. A good friend would let me borrow their lawnmower and it took me all morning, but I got the job done. Five ($5), that was a lot of money for an eight or nine-year-old child in the mid 60&#39;s.</p><br>
<p>The Epic of American Civilization is a mural by the social realist painter José Clemente Orozco. It is located in the basement reading room of the Baker Memorial Library on the campus of Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The mural, painted between 1932 and 1934, consists of a series of 24 fresco panels, whose principal themes are the impact of both indigenous Native Americans and European colonists on North America, and the impact of war  and rapid industrialization on the human spirit. The mural was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Orozco painted the mural during the same time his fellow muralist, Diego Rivera, was working on his murals at the Rockefeller Center in New York. But while Rivera&#39;s portrait of Lenin led to his mural being painted over, Orozco was given full political freedom to paint as he chose. His images offended a group of Dartmouth parents who called themselves the Boston Mothers. "We would be everlastingly grateful to you," the mothers wrote to college president Ernest Hopkins, "if the pictures could be destroyed." Another letter to Hopkins was more blunt: "Orozco has shouted forth in paint the Communist Manifesto!"</p><br>
<p>But Hopkins, a lifelong Republican, defended Orozcos right to paint as he chose. "There are 100% Americans who have objected to the fact that we employed a Mexican to do this work," Hopkins wrote to the mothers, "but I have never believed that art could be made either racial or national." Responding to concerns that Orozcos imagery was not "nice", Hopkins wrote, "if that be a criterion of judgment many of the great works of the medieval masters would have to be removed from the Louvre."</p><br>
<p>In addition to the letter writing campaign, four satirical murals were painted as a direct response to the Orozco murals from 1938 to 1939 in the basement of the Class of 1953 Commons. This second set of murals depicts the foundation of Dartmouth College, and caricatures of Native Americans, including those related to education and alcohol. This second set of murals were moved off-site to an art storage facility in 2018.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The mural was Orozco&#39;s third and last work in the United States, following Prometheus at Pomona College in Southern California and a mural cycle at The New School in Manhattan.</p><br>
<h2>The Coming and Departure of Quetzalcoatl</h2><br>
<p>The two themes of the mural are arranged in separate wings of the reading room. The west wing contains ten panels on the first theme, that of Native Americans.</p><br>
<p>This panel is located on the short western wall, to the left of the doors. It depicts the arrival of natives as a grim march, echoing the industrially-oriented panel at the far eastern end of the room.</p><br>
<p>Located over the western doors, this panel shows a rattlesnake flanked by spears. Its color palette suggests it was painted when Orozco worked on the eastern panels.</p><br>
<p>This panel, to the right of the western doors, depicts human sacrifice as practiced by ancient Mesoamericans, in which the living heart is removed from the sacrificial victim. The panel has an analog (as the first one does) on the opposite wall of the east wing.</p><br>
<p>This and the next four panels are on the north wall of the west wing. This one depicts Aztec warriors wearing eagle and jaguar costumes, and includes a representation of the head of the plumed serpent god Quetzalcoatl.</p><br>
<p>Quetzalcoatl is presented as a benevolent god in human form. He is shown granting the benefits of education and culture on his people, and driving off older gods.</p><br>
<p>The benefits of agriculture, arts, and science brought by Quetzalcoatl bring a golden age. A man works crops, another creates a stone stele, and a third studies the stars.</p><br>
<p>Adherents of the banished gods band together to drive Quetzalcoatl away. Sorcerers massed in front of a pyramidal temple oppose the departing god.</p><br>
<p>This small panel, located above a door, depicts Spanish conquistadors on horseback wielding a giant Christian cross as a weapon.</p><br>
<p>This pair of vertical panels are applied to poles in the western half of the room. They are caricatures of totem poles found in the Pacific Northwest.</p><br>
<h2>Cortez and the Modern Era</h2><br>
<p>These vertical panels depict modern industrial themes in a manner similar to a totem pole. They are applied to poles in the eastern half of the room.</p><br>
<p>This panel and the next four are located on the south wall of the eastern half of the room. Orozco depicts Hernán Cortés as a brutal anti-hero leading the 16th century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, fulfilling the prophecy of Quetzalcoatl. Cortés stands surrounded by images of destruction, accompanied by a cross-bearing Franciscan friar.</p><br>
<p>This panel marks the transition to the 20th century, depicting a mass of machinery with no discernible function.</p><br>
<p>Orozco presents a visually mixed assessment of North American society. A schoolhouse and town meeting are shown, but an overbearing schoolteacher dominates the scene, and the town meeting is presented with rigidity.</p><br>
<p>A modern Mexican rebel, resembling Emilio Zapata, dominates a caricature of rich and militaristic society.</p><br>
<p>This panel savages the institutional churchs indifference to the social upheavals of the 1930s, with flames reminiscent of the scenes from this sections first panel.</p><br>
<p>This small panel is located above a door on the north wall of the east side. It depicts a junk pile of historical symbols of warfare and empire.</p><br>
<p>An analog to the "Ancient Human Sacrifice" panel on the west side, this panel shows the body of a soldier, wrapped in the trappings of patriotism, symbolizing the pointless sacrifice of the individual for the institution. This panel is to the left of the easternmost doors.</p><br>
<p>A depiction of Jesus, sweeps away old religious and political ideologies, discarding symbols of religion, culture, and the military. This panel is to the right of the easternmost doors.</p><br>
<p>This panel, located over doors on the south side of the eastern half, shows vultures wearing clerical collars. They hold keys to chains of bondage piled below them.</p><br>
<p>This is a series of five panels, centrally located by the reserve reading desk. It presents Orozco&#39;s vision for a possible new world (after the actions of Jesus in the "Modern Migration of the Spirit" panel) in which workers are free to benefit from their own labor, and the different cultures are able to coexist harmoniously.</p><br>
